send()

Send a message to a connected socket

Synopsis:

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

ssize_t send( int s,
              const void * msg,
              size_t len,
              int flags );

Library:

libsocket

Description:

The send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() functions are used to transmit a message to another socket. The send() function can be used only when the socket is in a connected state, while sendto() and sendmsg() can be used at any time.

The length of the message is given by len. If the message is too long to pass atomically through the underlying protocol, the error EMSGSIZE is returned, and the message isn't transmitted.

No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a send(). Locally detected errors are indicated by a return value of -1.

If no message space is available at the socket to hold the message to be transmitted, then send() normally blocks, unless the socket has been placed in nonblocking I/O mode. The select() call may be used to determine when it's possible to send more data.

The flags parameter may include one or more of the following:

MSG_OOB

Process out-of-band data.

MSG_DONTROUTE

Bypass routing, create a direct interface.

The flag MSG_OOB is used to send "out-of-band" data on sockets that support this notion (e.g. SOCK_STREAM). The underlying protocol must also support "out-of-band" data. MSG_DONTROUTE is normally used only by diagnostic or routing programs.

MSG_OOB and MSG_DONTROUTE aren't supported by the tiny TCP/IP stack. For more information, see the npm-ttcpip.so interface in the Utilities Reference.

Returns:

The number of bytes sent, or -1 if an error occurs (errno is set).

Errors:

EBADF

An invalid descriptor was specified.

EDESTADDRREQ

A destination address is required.

EFAULT

An invalid user space address was specified for a parameter.

EMSGSIZE

The socket requires that the message be sent atomically, but the size of the message made this impossible.

ENOBUFS

The system couldn't allocate an internal buffer. The operation may succeed when buffers become available.

ENOTSOCK

The argument s isn't a socket.

EWOULDBLOCK

The socket is marked nonblocking and the requested operation would block.

Classification:

Standard Unix, POSIX 1003.1-2001

See also:

getsockopt(), ioctl(), recv(), select(), sendmsg(), sendto(), socket(), write()